| Occurrence of Metals |
Occurrence (ores) of Al, Cu, Zn and Fe. |
| Concentration of Ores |
Principles and methods of extraction: concentration of ores – hydraulic washing, magnetic separation, froth floatation, leaching -of alumina from bauxite, roasting and calcination –examples. |
| Extraction of Crude Metal from Concentrated Ore |
Extraction of Crude Metal from Concentrated Ore. |
| Thermodynamic Principles of Metallurgy |
Principles of extraction of aluminium, copper, zinc, iron: highlight the principle of extraction of iron from its oxide using Ellingham diagram.
Extraction of iron from its oxides – blast furnace – diagram, reactions, equations. |
| Electrochemical Principles of Metallurgy |
Extraction of aluminium from purified alumina. |
| Oxidation Reduction |
Oxidation-reduction – extraction of gold. |
| Refining |
Principles and examples each for distillation, liquation, electrolytic method, zone refining, vapour phase refining- details for Mond’s and Van Arkel processes. |
| Uses |
Uses of Aluminium, Copper, Zinc and Iron |
