| General characteristics of solids |
General characteristics of solids |
| Amorphous and Crystalline Solids |
Examples, differences. |
| Classification of Crystalline Solids |
Based on binding forces: molecular solids – (non-polar, polar, H-bonded), ionic solids, metallic solids, covalent or network solids – examples |
| Crystal Lattices and Unit Cells |
Definitions – lattice point, crystal lattice, unit cell, coordination number |
| Number of Atoms in a Unit Cell |
Parameters of a unit cell, names of seven crystal systems, calculation of number of atoms in a cubic unit cell – simple cubic, bcc, fcc. |
| Closed Packed Structures |
Close packing in two dimensional and three-dimensional lattices – brief information, voids – types of voids, tetrahedral and octahedral and their relative numbers, calculation of the formula of the compounds based on the number of voids filled. |
| Packing Efficiency |
calculation of packing efficiency- fcc/ccp, bcc, simple cubic. |
| Calculations Involving Unit Cell Dimensions |
Formula to calculate the density of the unit cell to be assumed- use the formula to calculate a, d, z, M, NA. Numerical problems. |
| Imperfections in Solids |
Point defects-types, a brief account of Frenkel and Schottky defects, metal excess defect and metal deficiency defect with examples. |
| Electrical Properties |
Classification into conductors, insulators and semiconductors – their comparison based on band theory of metals, n- type and p-type semiconductors – differences and examples. |
| Magnetic Properties |
Paramagnetism, diamagnetism and ferromagnetism, examples. |
